As one chapter closed and another began in American coinage, the 1909-S Indian Head cent quietly made history. Overshadowed by the arrival of the Lincoln cent, this unassuming coin became one of the most treasured and elusive dates in U.S. numismatics. Its rarity, low mintage, and historical significance have made it a must-have for serious collectors—and one of the most counterfeited pennies on the market. If you’ve never heard of the 1909-S Indian Head cent, prepare to meet a legend. And if you happen to find one in your old collection, you might be holding onto a small copper fortune.
The Coin: 1909-S Indian Head Cent
The 1909-S Indian Head penny represents both an end and a beginning. It was the final year of the Indian Head series, which ran from 1859 to 1909, and it was also the only Indian Head cent ever struck at the San Francisco Mint, designated by the tiny “S” beneath the wreath on the reverse. Only 309,000 coins were minted—an exceptionally low number. For comparison, millions were struck in other years. That limited production instantly made the 1909-S a key date, especially among collectors striving for a complete Indian Head set. Designed by James B. Longacre, the Indian Head cent features a portrait of Liberty wearing a feathered headdress. Despite popular belief, it’s not modeled after a Native American figure, but rather Longacre’s own artistic vision. Because this coin marked the end of an era—right as the Lincoln Wheat cent debuted—the 1909-S Indian Head slipped through circulation largely unnoticed. But not anymore.
Why the 1909-S Is So Valuable
The coin’s rarity is its biggest value driver. Even well-circulated examples regularly sell for $600 to $1,000, while uncirculated specimens can exceed $3,000 to $7,000 or more. Coins with full detail, original surfaces, or red-brown coloration are especially sought after. It’s also widely counterfeited. Many fakes are created by altering a common 1909 (Philadelphia) coin with a tiny “S” mintmark. This makes authentication crucial, especially when buying online or through less reputable sellers. Collectors prize the 1909-S not just for its scarcity, but for its symbolism—the closing page of one of America’s longest-running and most loved coin series.
The 1909-S Indian Head cent isn’t just a rare coin—it’s the dramatic curtain call of a classic American design. With its low mintage, historical importance, and crossover with the Lincoln series, it holds a unique place in coin collecting lore. Whether you’re a seasoned numismatist or new to the hobby, owning a 1909-S is a milestone. It represents a piece of American history, a tangible end to the Indian Head legacy, and a rare gem that continues to captivate collectors more than a century later.
FAQ’s:
1. How rare is the 1909-S Indian Head penny?
Extremely rare. Only 309,000 coins were minted, making it the lowest-mintage Indian Head cent and one of the most valuable.
2. How can I tell if mine is real?
Check for a genuine “S” mintmark under the wreath. Many fakes are altered 1909 Philadelphia coins. For high-value coins, get certification from PCGS or NGC to confirm authenticity.
3. What’s the difference between the 1909 Indian Head and 1909 Lincoln cent?
Both were minted in 1909. The Indian Head cent ended that year, while the Lincoln Wheat cent began. Some collectors aim to own both 1909-S versions: the Indian Head and the 1909-S VDB Lincoln.
4. What’s the coin made of?
Like most Indian Head cents from 1864 onward, it’s made of 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc, weighing 3.11 grams.
