In 1909, to commemorate the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, the U.S. Mint introduced the Lincoln cent, replacing the Indian Head cent. Designed by Lithuanian-born sculptor Victor David Brenner, the new penny was groundbreaking, featuring Lincoln’s profile—the first time a U.S. coin depicted a real person. However, a seemingly minor design element—the inclusion of Brenner’s initials “V.D.B.” on the coin’s reverse—ignited a public outcry that almost led to the coin’s banishment.
The 1909-S VDB Penny: A Coin of Controversy
The 1909-S VDB penny is a Lincoln cent minted in San Francisco, identifiable by the “S” mintmark and the “V.D.B.” initials on the reverse side, situated at the bottom between the wheat stalks. Brenner’s initials, intended as a modest signature, became a focal point of debate. Critics argued that the initials were too prominent and amounted to unwarranted self-promotion. The controversy escalated rapidly, with newspapers and the public expressing dissatisfaction. The Washington Post proclaimed, “V.D.B. Cent Doomed,” highlighting the widespread disapproval.
In response, Treasury Secretary Franklin MacVeagh ordered the removal of the initials. This decision led to the production of two distinct 1909 Lincoln cent varieties: those with the “V.D.B.” initials and those without. The San Francisco Mint produced only 484,000 of the 1909-S VDB pennies before the design alteration, making it one of the lowest mintage figures for the series.
Public Reaction and Speculation
The abrupt cessation of the 1909-S VDB pennies’ production spurred public speculation. Rumors circulated that these coins would be withdrawn entirely, prompting individuals to hoard them. In cities like New York, people, including newsboys, scrambled to acquire the pennies, sometimes paying premiums of up to 25 cents per coin—a substantial amount at the time. This frenzy underscored the coin’s perceived scarcity and potential future value.
Design Modification and Legacy
After the removal of Brenner’s initials in late 1909, the coins continued to be minted without the “V.D.B.” inscription. It wasn’t until 1918 that the U.S. Mint restored Brenner’s initials, this time placing them discreetly on the obverse side, below Lincoln’s shoulder, where they remain on pennies to this day.
Value and Collectibility
The 1909-S VDB penny’s scarcity has made it a prized possession among collectors. Its value varies based on condition:
- Good Condition (G-4): Approximately $700 to $800.
- Fine Condition (F-12): Around $1,000.
- Extremely Fine (EF-40): Between $1,500 and $2,000.
- Uncirculated (MS-60): Can exceed $2,500.
Notably, a 1909-S VDB penny graded MS65 Red and Brown by the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) fetched $66,000 at auction, reflecting its exceptional condition and rarity.
The 1909-S VDB penny’s journey from a subject of public disdain to a cherished collector’s item illustrates the dynamic nature of currency and public opinion. What began as a controversy over a designer’s initials evolved into the creation of one of America’s most iconic and valuable coins. Today, the 1909-S VDB penny stands as a testament to the intricate stories behind everyday objects and the unforeseen paths they may traverse.
FAQ’s:
Why were Victor David Brenner’s initials controversial on the 1909 penny?
Critics felt that the “V.D.B.” initials were too prominently displayed on the coin’s reverse, perceiving it as excessive self-promotion by the designer. This led to public dissatisfaction and the subsequent removal of the initials.
How can I identify a 1909-S VDB penny?
Look for the “S” mintmark below the date on the obverse side, indicating it was minted in San Francisco. On the reverse, between the wheat stalks at the bottom, the “V.D.B.” initials should be visible.
What factors determine the value of a 1909-S VDB penny?
The coin’s condition (grade), luster, color (redness), and the presence of any wear significantly influence its value. Coins with original red luster and minimal wear are more valuable.
Are there counterfeit 1909-S VDB pennies?
Yes, due to their high value, counterfeit versions exist. Some fakes involve adding an “S” mintmark to Philadelphia-minted coins or altering the date. Authenticity verification by reputable coin grading services is recommended.
Why is the 1909-S VDB penny considered a key date coin?
Its low mintage of 484,000 coins and the historical controversy surrounding the “V.D.B.” initials make it one of the most sought-after and valuable coins in the Lincoln cent series.
